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QuickBooks Accrual vs. Cash Basis Reports
QuickBooks allows users to generate reports using either the accrual basis
or the cash basis. The primary difference between accrual basis and cash
basis reports in QuickBooks is that accrual basis reports present income
and expenses based on the dates of the related invoices and bills while
cash basis reports present income and expenses based on the dates cash
actually is received or paid. (Regardless of the basis selected, QuickBooks
reports present credit card charges on the accrual basis.) When generating
QuickBooks reports, users should verify that the appropriate accounting
basis is selected for the report. Users can check or change the accounting
basis of most individual reports by clicking the "Modify Report"
button in the report window and selecting either accrual or cash as the
report basis. The accounting basis is specified on the report itself.
However, a user can also specify the basis in the report title by changing
the report header or footer content. The standard QuickBooks report titles
generally are accrual titles. Consequently, Users should change the titles
of cash basis reports to titles such as "Statement of Assets, Liabilities,
and Equity-Cash Basis" or "Statement of Revenues and
Expenses-Cash Basis."
Note - Versions 2000 and older do not have the "time
and basis" stamp. The accounting basis will have to be specified
in the report title by changing the report header or footer content.
Users can select or change the accounting basis for summary reports by
(a) selecting "Preferences" from the "Edit" menu,
(b) selecting "Reports & Graphs" from the scroll box,
(c) selecting the "Company Preferences" tab, and (d) selecting
either "Accrual" or "Cash" as the "Summary
Reports Basis." Summary reports summarize transaction amounts rather
than listing each transaction. Selecting a preference for summary reports
does not affect reports that list individual transactions, such as the
following financial reports:
- Profit & Loss Detail
- Income by Customer Detail
- Expenses by Vendor Detail
- Balance Sheet Detail
- General Ledger
- Transaction Detail by Account
QuickBooks automatically generates transaction detail reports, such as
the preceding reports, on an accrual basis even if the cash basis preference
is selected for summary reports. However, Users can change the basis for
individual transaction detail reports to the cash basis. However, the
change must be made each time the report is generated. QuickBooks automatically
defaults to the accrual basis for transaction detail reports. Users who
routinely generate cash basis transaction detail reports should consider
memorizing such reports for future use.
Accrual basis transaction detail reports present a single amount for
each transaction, while cash basis transaction detail reports present
two amount columns (an "Original Amount" and a "Paid
Amount" column) for each transaction. The amounts in the "Original
Amount" column generally represent an invoice amount for a sales
transaction or a bill amount for a purchase transaction. The amounts in
the "Paid Amount" column represent the amounts actually received
or paid. The amounts in cash basis transaction reports are fairly straightforward
for income and expense transactions. However, the amounts can be difficult
to understand when a transaction involves balance sheet accounts. For
example, assume that a client sells an inventory item that costs $50 to
a customer on June 30 and receives a $75 payment for the full sales price
on July 15. Balances in cash basis transaction reports for June 30 will
reflect the $50 decrease to the inventory asset with an offsetting $50
increase to accounts receivable. (As illustrated by this example, cash
basis transaction reports may reflect accrual accounts, such as accounts
receivable. However, the accrual balances do not necessarily represent
the actual amount due. In this example, the actual amount due of $75 will
be reflected as the accounts receivable amount in an accrual basis transaction
report. However, only $50 is reflected in the cash basis transaction report.)
Balances in cash basis transaction reports for July 15 will reflect a
$50 increase in cost of goods sold and a corresponding $50 decrease to
accounts receivable (thus zeroing out the accounts receivable balance).
Balances in cash basis transaction reports for July 15 also will reflect
$75 of sales income (offset by a $75 temporary increase to accounts receivable)
and a $75 increase to undeposited funds or cash (offset by a $75 decrease
to accounts receivable). In addition to inventory items, Users should
be aware that sales taxes also may result in accrual balances on cash
basis transaction reports if the "Owe Sales Tax" preference
is set to "As of invoice date."
Note - Due to the way QuickBooks handles items linked
to balance sheet accounts on invoices or bills, QuickBooks cash basis
balance sheets may include accounts receivable and accounts payable balances.
When generating cash basis reports using condensed data, users should
be aware that the report amounts may not be accurate since condensing
data deletes detail transactions that are needed to determine whether
transactions are collected or paid. Condensing data replaces detail transactions
dated on or before a specified date with transactions summarized by month.
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